Since the financial crisis, the banking industry has undergone dramatic change, as banks and regulators have responded to the weaknesses exposed. The changes made have struck to the core of banks, challenging how and where they operate, and what services they provide.

This report summarises those changes, whether driven by new regulatory or commercial imperatives. Whilst EU banks have been the main focus of this study, die to the global impact that European structural reform will have, major Swiss and US banks have been included.